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In Battlegrounds, Michael Stephenson assembles an impressive roster of the world’s best military historians and writers, including Dr. David Chandler, Richard Holmes, John Warry, and Brendan Morrissey, to discuss the impact of geography on military strategy and history. This collection of essays, illustrated with vintage and modern maps, offers geographic adventure around the world, across centuries, and through every kind of terrain, shedding new light on famous battles and introducing less well-known—but nevertheless significant—moments in military history.

Throughout military history, battles have often been determined by certain “geographic imperatives”—characteristics of the terrain that significantly affect the nature of the fighting. Confrontations, therefore, have essentially been decided by an army1/4s ability to adapt to geographical features, giving rivers, mountains, and beaches lead roles in the political shaping of the world.

From Alexander the Great’s attack across the Granicus in 334 B.C. to the U.S. siege of the mountains of Afghanistan in 2001, geography has been a permanent and crucial factor in battle. Battlegrounds provides an unprecedented and fascinating look at this most formidable of adversaries throughout the history of warfare.

INTRODUCTION:Robert Cowley

EDITOR'S NOTE:Michael Stephenson

1.PLAINS

ALCZANDER AT ISSUS,Turkdy,333 B.C.:Matthew Bennett

A GOOD DAY TO DIE,The Little Big Horn,1876:Bryan Perrett

THE END OF HTE BEGINNING,EL Alamein,Enypt,1942:Bryan Perrett

2.VALLEYS

DEATH RIDE,Balakiava,Russia,1854:Ian Castle

JUBAL EARLY IN THE SHENANDOAH,Cedar Creek,Virginia,1864:Gary Gallagher

3.RIVERS

ALEXANDER AT THE HYDASPES,India,326B.C.:Matthew Bennett

CROSSING THE BEREZNA,Russia,1812:Phillip Haythornthwaite

"A DROP TOO MANY,"Arnhem,Holland,1944:Peter A.Huchthausen

4.ISLANDS

CRUSADERS'LAST STAND,The Great Siege of Malta,1565:Bryan Perrett

OUT OF THE BLUE,Crete,Greece,1941:Will Fowler

SUFUR ISLAND,Iwo Jima,1945:Colonel Joseph H.Alexander,USMC(Ret.)

5.WOODS AND FOREST

THE MASSACRE OF THE LEGIONS,Teutoburg forest,Germany,A.D.9:Bryan Perrett

INTO THE WILDERNESS,Chancellorsville,1863:Gary Gallagher

DEVIL DOGS,Belleau Wood,France,1918:Agostino von Hassell

6.COASTS

BEACHHEAD VECTORY,Marathon,Greece,490B.C.:Mttew Bennett

BURIED ON THE BEACHES,Galliplli,1915:Peter A.Huchthausen

A BLOOKY BRAWL,Tarawa,Gilbert Islands,1943:Agostino von Hassell

7.HIGHGROUND:HILLS,MOUNTAINS,RIDGES

THE CHOSEN FEW,Masada,Israel,A.D.73-74:Matthew Bennett

"FLZ BAYONETS,"THE LITTLE ROUND TOP,GETTYSBURG,1863:gARY gALLAGHER

THE CANADIANW'GREAT ASSAULT,Vimy Ridge,France,1917:Nigel Cave

HAUNTED HIGHLANDS,"Bloody Nose Ridge,"Peleliu,1944:Colonel Joseph H.Alexander,USMC(Ret)

CROWN OF THORNS,Monte Cassino,Italy,1944:Stephen Badsey

FROZEN CHOSIN,North Korea,1950:Colonel Joseph H.Alexander,USMC(Ret.)

JUNGLE HIGHLANDS,The Siege of Khe Sanh,Vietam,1968:Colonel Joseph H.Alexander,USMC(Ret.)

8.DESERT

A DESERT STORM,Omdurman,Sudan,1898:Bryan Perrett

FIRE STORM:Desert Saber,Kuwait/Irag,1991:Will fowler

9.JUNGLE

NEW GUINEA NIGHTMARE,Buna,Papua New Guinea,1942-43:Eric Bergerud

FIND,FIX,AND DESTROY,The Ia Drang Valley,Vietnam,1965:Eric Bergrud

10.PASSES

LEONIDAS'LAST STAND,Thermopylae,Greedc,480B.C.:Mattew Bennett

THE BLOODING,Kasserine Pass,Tunisia,1943:Bryan Perrett

11.BAYS AND HARBORS

AMBUSH IN THE STRAITS,Salamis,Greece,480B.C.:Mattew Bennett

NELSON AT THE BATTLE OF THE NILE,Egypt,1798:Philip Haythorthwaite

"DAMN THE TORPEDOES,"Admiral Farragut at Mobile Bay,1864:Gary Gallagher

12.PENINSULAS

"THE WORLD TURNED UPSIDE DOWN,"Youktown,Virginia,1781:Ian Knight

THE BATTLING BASTARDS,Bataan,pHILIPPINES,1941-42:Michael Stephenson

13.THE GEOGRAPHY OF HELL

"THE ABOMINATION OF DESOLAON,"Passchendaele,Belgium,1917:Stephen Badsey

"THEY SHALL NOT PASS,"Verdun,France,1916:Stephen Badwey

CITY OF THE DEAD,Staligrad,Russia,1942-44:Will Fowler

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

CONTRIBUTORS

INDEXZ

MICHAET STEPHENSON has been a professional book editor for over 25 years,working both in the UK and USA,and for much of that time has had a particular involvement in military publishing.For over six years he was the Editor of The Miliary Book Clut in New

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In Battlegrounds, Michael Stephenson assembles an impressive roster of the world’s best military historians and writers, including Dr. David Chandler, Richard Holmes, John Warry, and Brendan Morrissey, to discuss the impact of geography on military strategy and history. This collection of essays, illustrated with vintage and modern maps, offers geographic adventure around the world, across centuries, and through every kind of terrain, shedding new light on famous battles and introducing less well-known—but nevertheless significant—moments in military history.

　　Throughout military history, battles have often been determined by certain “geographic imperatives”—characteristics of the terrain that significantly affect the nature of the fighting. Confrontations, therefore, have essentially been decided by an army1/4s ability to adapt to geographical features, giving rivers, mountains, and beaches lead roles in the political shaping of the world.

　　From Alexander the Great’s attack across the Granicus in 334 B.C. to the U.S. siege of the mountains of Afghanistan in 2001, geography has been a permanent and crucial factor in battle. Battlegrounds provides an unprecedented and fascinating look at this most formidable of adversaries throughout the history of warfare.

　　Thirteen sections, each featuring a type of terrain or geographical feature, assess geography's role in determining military strategy and tactics. Extensively illustrated with maps and photos, each chapter contains two to four short summaries of battles or campaigns penned by distinguished military historians: Joseph Alexander, Gary Gallagher, Eric Bergerud and Bryan Perrett are all represented. The articles discuss the military difficulties presented by local geographies: movement is slow and visibility poor in forests, such as the Southeast Asia's Ia Drang Valley or the Teutoberger Wald of Germany circa 9 A.D. The classification of features and problems lends itself to difficulties, however: Yorktown and Bataan illustrate being trapped on a peninsula, but so does Gallipoli, which is for some reason in the "Coasts" section along with Marathon and Tarawa. Add to this the fact that contemporary and historical maps are merrily mixed, which can be misleading in terms of accuracy. On the whole, the book is a trifle superficial for the serious military student, but that level of background knowledge is needed to get full value from some of the articles and most of the maps.